Animal Testing Should Not Be Banned - 940 Words

1). Over 100 million animals are burned, crippled, poisoned, and abused in US labs every year. 2). 92% of experimental drugs that are safe and effective in animals fail in human clinical trials. (DoSomething â€Å"11 Facts About Animal Testing†). There are currently no laws combating the testing of cosmetics on animals, but the practice is harmful and must be ended. As evidenced by the statistics above, millions of animals are tortured and murdered in the United States every year for virtually no reason. Why does this happen? Besides the minimal success with animal testing, the practice is also extremely cruel. With the incredibly wide range of alternatives, many other countries have already banned the use of animals in testing cosmetics. Who are the culprits, and why do they test? Firstly, the FDA is partially to blame. While they do not require animal testing, they do require that the safety of a product be demonstrated satisfactorily. Besides the FDA, several large corporations that play a huge role in this problem. Most of the more popular makeup brands (L’Orà ©al, Estee Lauder, Johnson Johnson, etc.) test on animals. Some of the small companies owned by these corporations maintain their cruelty-free procedures. For instance, Burt s Bees is owned by Clorox (who is not cruelty-free), and refuses to test on animals. Animals are used to test the safety of makeup, skin care, hair care, soaps, toothpaste, feminine hygiene products, and even razors. Even some companies whoShow MoreRelatedShould Animal Testing Be Banned?844 Words   |  3 PagesShould animal testing be banned? Nowadays, a lot of animals has been tested on a range of experiments over the world. You could be supporting animal teasing cruelty without knowing it. Have you ever check if there’s animal testing on the cosmetics before you buy it? Today, a lot of cosmetics has been testing on helpless animals and there are about 1.4 million animals die each year from animal testing ( CatalanoJ, 1994). Most of the experiments that are completed in the laboratories are very cruelRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned880 Words   |  4 Pagesdepending on animals testing. Therefore, if people talk about laboratories, they should remember animal experiments. Those animals have the right to live, according to people who dislike the idea of doing testing on animals; the other opinion, supports the idea of animal testing as the important part of the source of what has reached medicine of the results and solutions for diseases prevalent in every time and place. Each year huge numbers of animals a re sacrificed for the science all these animals, whetherRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned776 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal Testing Should be Banned  ¨Over 100 million animals are burned, crippled, poisioned and abused in US labs every year ¨ ( ¨11 Facts About Animal Testing ¨). Imagine if that was someones animal getting tortured in labs just to test things such as beauty products and perfume. Animal testing was first suggested when,  ¨Charles Darwin evolutionary theory in the mid 1850s also served to suggest that animals could serve as effective models to facilitate biological understanding in humans ¨ (Murnaghan)Read MoreShould Animal Testing Be Banned?1665 Words   |  7 PagesTesting Cosmetics on Animals Companies around the world use animals to test cosmetics. Animals, such as rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters, rats, and mice, are used to test the effects of chemicals on the eyes and skin. While animal testing is not mandatory, many companies use it. About Cosmetics Animal Testing by the Humane Society International talks about the different options companies have that do not require the cruel use and eventual death of animals. The article also talks about the overallRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1572 Words   |  7 PagesAnimal Testing Every year, over two hundred million innocent animals are injured or killed in scientific experiments across the world. Of those animals, between seventeen and twenty million are used in the United States alone. It is said that an animal dies in a laboratory every three seconds (Animal Testing 101). Those in favor of animal experimentation say they are taking animals’ lives to save humans. It is not necessary to subject animals to torturous conditions or painful experiments in theRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1581 Words   |  7 PagesAnimal testing is being used by different organizations all over the world to prevent specific diseases, especially cancer. Americans see animal testing having a harmful effect but it is one of the main reasons why society has most cures for some illnesses. This topic is important because people need to know what goes on during animal testing and why it is very beneficial. Animal testing needs to be used to find all cures. Some ani mals such as chimps/ monkeys have 90% of the same DNA humans haveRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1721 Words   |  7 Pages † Today, more animals are being used in experiments than ever before: around 100 million in the United States alone† (3). Animal testing is now an international issue, and it is becoming a major story. Currently, animals are often used in medical testing, make-up testing, and other consumer product testing. Animals used in such product testing are often abused and suffer from serious side-effects. Animal testing can be painful for the animals, testing results are usually not even useable forRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned1364 Words   |  6 Pagesbenefit. Using animals for these experimentations usually does not come to mind. Animals are often abused, suffer, and even die during laboratory testing for the benefits of people to make sure medications, household products, newest procedures, and cosmetics are safe and effective for human use. Humans have benefited from animal testing for years while these animals suffer consequences with no positive outcomes for themselves. Even if a product or procedure is deemed successful, these animals are frequentlyRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned Essay1632 Words   |  7 Pages Animal Testing Should Be Banned Throughout the decades, animals have been used in medical research to test the safety of cosmetics including makeup, hair products, soaps, perfume, and countless of other products. Animals have also been used to test antibiotics and other medicines to eliminate any potential risks that they could cause to humans. The number of animals worldwide that are used in laboratory experiments yearly exceeds 115 million animals. Unfortunately, only a small percentage ofRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned2391 Words   |  10 Pageseasier for consumers. These are only mild examples of the animal testing that goes on every single day around the world, and right here in the United States of America. Animals are kept in lonely, cold, dirty kennels, and some never see the light of day. They are tested on, force fed, and often mistreated even when the tests are over. Every day innocent animals are shocked, injected, poisoned, restrained, and endure excruciating pain testing chemicals in most, i f not all, of the products everyday Americans

John Ronald Reuel Tolkien And The Lord Of The Rings

John Ronald Reuel Tolkien was born on January 3, 1892. He was a major scholar of the English language regarding Old and Middle English. Tolkien was the professor of Anglo-Saxon (Old English) at the University of Oxford, and he also wrote stories, including â€Å"The Hobbit† (1937) and The Lord of the Rings (1954-1955); the setting is in a prehistorical time in his inventive world called by the Middle English name of Middle-earth (Doughan). This was lived by Men and Women, Elves, Dwarves, Trolls, Orcs and Hobbits. He has been condemned by the Eng. Lit. establishment, but loved by the vast masses (Doughan). There are some specific and significant events in his childhood and youth that will influence on his works in the future, such as name, family, education, etc. His name â€Å"Tolkien† is from the German Tollkiehn; in origin, the name is a compound of ‘toll’ meaning ‘mad’ and ‘kuhn’ meaning ‘brave’, and so meaning foolhardy. His nave also can refer to someone unwisely bold or someone who displays courage and initiative in face of overwhelming odds (Grotta 15); he occasionally used the pseudonym â€Å"Oxymore† (Doughan). His father’s side of the family migrated from Saxony in the 18th century, but about in the first half century before his birth had become Anglicized. His father, Arthur Reuel Tolkien, was a bank clerk, and went to South Africa in the 1890s for better opportunity of promotion. There he was married by Mabel Suffield, since then whose family were not only English, but WestShow MoreRelatedEssay on Tol kien: A Racist, Sexist, or Not?1665 Words   |  7 PagesThere is no doubt that John Ronald Reuel Tolkien was an exceptional writer. Today, he is considered the father of modern fantasy literature. However, he did not start off as this extraordinary writer; rather, Tolkien worked his way up until he attained this status. John Ronald Reuel Tolkien was born on January 3rd of 1892 in a South African province. At an early age, his mother, Mabel, took him and his younger brother, Hilary, on a family visit to England; however, before his father, Arthur,Read MoreJohn Ronald Reuel Tolkien, Better Known By His Pen Name1593 Words   |  7 PagesJohn Ronald Reuel Tolkien, better known by his pen name J.R.R. Tolkien, came from a family that was primarily craftsmen that had emigrated to England from Germany in the 18th century. John was born on January 3rd, 1892 to father Arthur Tolkien and mother Mabel Tolkien in Bloemfontein, South Africa. His family had moved there after his father was promoted to head of the Bloemfontein office of the British bank. John had one sibling, his younger brother, Hilary Arthur Reuel. At age three John, HilaryRead MoreEssay J.R.R. Tolkien1127 Words   |  5 PagesJohn Ronald Reuel Tolkien, creator of a world. When someone who knows Tolkien is asked about his works, one thought comes to mind, Middle Earth. This was the playground in his mind that such vivid descriptions of fantasylands came from. It is the base of his most well known stories, where dreams are just the norm. br brJ.R.R. may owe much of his success to his diverse beginnings. On April 16, 1891, Mabel Suffield and Arthur Reuel Tolkien were married in Bloemfontein, South Africa. They soon gaveRead MoreEssay about J.R.R Tolkien and The Fellowship of the Ring997 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Ronald Reuel Tolkien, better known as J.R.R. Tolkien, was born on January third 1892 in Bloemfontein South Africa and was the son of Arthur and Mabel Suffield Tolkien. After his fathers death in 1896 Tolkiens mother moved herself and her two children, J.R.R (at the time called Ronald) and his younger brother Hilary to Sarehole near Birmingham. When Tolkien was twelve his mother died and he and his brother were sent to live with one of their relatives when a Catholic priest became their legalRead Moreâ€Å"J.R.R. Tolkien† is often the first name that comes to mind when one thinks of popular fantasy800 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"J.R.R. Tolkien† is often the first name that comes to mind when one thinks of popular fantasy writers. Writing stories ever since he was a young child, he had always experimented with language and the creation of his own little world. J.R.R. Tolkien’s masterpiece, The Lord of the Rings, has greatly influenced the fantasy genre and set an example for fantasy writers around the world. John Ronald Reuel Tolkien was born to Arthur and Mabel Tolkien in 1892 in the Orange Free State, located in SouthRead MoreThe Lord of the Rings by J.R.R. Tolkien Essay1019 Words   |  5 Pagesfairy story The Lord of the Rings. The Lord of the Rings written by J.R.R. Tolkien has been read and loved by many and will be enjoyed by many more in the years to come. Tolkien was an amazing linguist and author. He will be remembered for his great imagination and intriguing stories. His interest in language was the spark that led to the creation of The Lord of the Rings (Hodges 33-35). Tolkien led an interesting life that influenced his books greatly. John Ronald Reuel Tolkien was born on JanuaryRead MoreThe Lord of the Rings - Music as an Emotional Guide872 Words   |  4 PagesThe Lord of the Rings - Music as emotional guide Not only the actors performances and the directors cleverly adapted screenplay are important to create certain emotions in a movie, but also the music is an essential key that guides your emotions Ââ€" more than most viewers realize. This is certainly the case with the score of the monumental epic blockbuster: The Lord of the Rings! The Lord of the Rings Ââ€" The Fellowship of the Ring, written by John Ronald Reuel Tolkien (1892-1973), first publishedRead MoreThe Fellowship Of The Ring1649 Words   |  7 PagesWith John Ronald Reuel Tolkien’s The Fellowship of the Ring as inspiration, an analysis is used to define to following: the idea of an evil ring to be symbolism for temptation and deadly addictions people suffer from, evidence to show the psychology and neuroscience behind what temptation is and how self-control correlates with it, and a few characters’ reaction to this ring and how the temptation of the Ring affects these characters. Tolkien was born January 3, 1892 in Bloemfontein, South AfricaRead MoreEssay about Timeline of Tolkiens Life1274 Words   |  6 Pagesall wars.’ Tolkien met Edith Bratt as a teenager when they (both orphans) had lived at Mrs. Faulkner’s boarding house. At the time, Edith was 19 and Tolkien, or Ronald (as his friends called him), was 16. Edith and Ronald were inseparable, but she distracted him from his studies. When Father Francis, Ronald’s guardian, discovered their relationship, he forbade Ronald from seeing Edith until he was 21 and moved Tolkien and his younger brother to different lodging. At the time, Ronald was 17 but didRead More J. R. R. Tolkien Essay1509 Words   |  7 PagesThree Rings for the Elven-Kings under the sky, Seven for the dwarf lords in their halls of stone, Nine for mortal men doomed to die, One for the Dark Lord in his dark throne. In the Land or Mordor where the shadow lies. One Ring to rule them all, One ring to find them, One ring to bring them all and in the darkness bind them. In the land of Mordor where the shadows lie†¦ (J.R.R. Tolkien, Rings) nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;These are the most famous recognized lines in The Lord of the Rings, J.R.R

Land Rights And Property Rights - 1006 Words

The topic I chose for our assigned is ‘property rights’. The property rights we will review are the intellectual property, industrial property, copyrights and property rights are human rights. This is of great interest to me with anything to do with property rights as they are, â€Å"arguably property rights are the foundations of all human rights.† (Wilson, T. 2015). There are so many laws that govern protecting the inventor, from the timeframe, to who has ownership of those rights. We are finding as our world becomes smaller, â€Å"protecting property is an important part of promoting the global trade. Property is classified as both physical and intellectual.† (Satterlee 2014). This also includes the copyrights, which are a form of intellectual†¦show more content†¦2014). Per the conventional wisdom the cost of copying someone else’s material should far exceed the cost of creating the material. Although there have been Intellectual Pr operty laws in place, there have been many piracy lawsuits, unfortunately, it has not slowed down or eliminated the piracy in music. The industrial property has become an organizational stake in the companies and it is also patent. Moreover, the interest has also focused more on specific issues such as the link between patents and technology transfer or the shape of what we refer to as patent systems. â€Å"In Japan, the historiography of the Japanese patent system was stimulated by commemorative works such as the three volumes of One Hundred Year History of the Industrial Property Rights System in 1984 and 1985. These were edited by the Japan Patent Office one hundred years after the introduction of the 1885 Patent Law. Beyond this commemorative perspective, in 2011 as volume in the series ‘History of International Trade and Industrial Policy’ gave an historical overview of Japan’s intellectual property policy. (Galvez-Behar, G., Nishimura, S. 2016). The industrial property right is just as important as the intellectual rights and should be protected as it is created using the human labor, which bring us to the next rights, the property rights as human rights. â€Å"The notion of human rights grew out of the idea that individuals had the right to own property, beginning no Less with the right to `own Show MoreRelatedHistorical Background Of English Law System1689 Words   |  7 PagesHistorical Background Fragmentation of land has been an ongoing phenomenon for many centuries and is backed by the notion of maximizing its potential utility, given its scarce nature. In the feudal system, one’s relationship to land is defined by their hierarchical position. The king stood at the top of the pyramid and ruled over all the lands, and would grant partial rights to the Lords. Through grants, the land would then be held in fief by vassals, in exchange for personal loyalty to those belowRead MoreJohn Locke s Theory Of Classical Liberalism1132 Words   |  5 PagesProperty has been a main focal point in almost every society, because setting a principle to define one s possessions is an important aspect in citizen’s lives. This is why the majority of countries contain some form of property rights. In broad terms, property is defined as a thing that someone possesses. Throughout many years the definition of property has changed, and many philosophers have been able to address the di fferent variations of property. Today, the definition of property is complexRead MoreProperty Rights And The Rights1651 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Æ' 1.0 Introduction Property rights and the right to own a property is a basic human right. Article 17.1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that ‘Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with others† and that ‘No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property’. The need for property rights due to the complexity of property is highly important and because of this the Torrens system was created. 1.1 Aim of Report The aim of the report is to satisfyRead MorePersonal property is a part of property law that is what a property owner possesses that is not the800 Words   |  4 PagesPersonal property is a part of property law that is what a property owner possesses that is not the land or any permanent structure on it. Personal property is items such as money, furniture, vehicles, and other items that are not real estate. These items can be divided into two categories, property that can be touched and property that cannot be touched. Property that can be touched is called tangible personal property, or corporeal personal property, because these items can be professed by theRead MoreReview On Real Property Valuation Practice1406 Words   |  6 PagesON REAL PROPERTY VALUATION PRACTICE 2.1 Introduction Providing important theoretical background of the topic under investigation is the aim of this literature review. Various professionals’ knowledge displayed and produced by individuals and authorities related to the subject under study would be looked in this chapter. This chapter discussed some ideas already exists in books, journals or websites those through the topic under study. 2.2. Theoretical literature review 2.2.1 Real Property ValuationRead MoreEssay about Individual Property Rights vs Eminent Domain1181 Words   |  5 PagesIndividual Property Rights vs Eminent Domain These days there have been many issues surrounding the topic of private property and eminent domain. I feel that eminent domain is a good way to keep the needs of the community and each person’s individual property rights balanced. Even though I believe individual property rights are more important that the needs of the community, I also believe the government sometimes has to take that property away for the better good of the community. At the sameRead More History and Concepts of Boundaries Essay1478 Words   |  6 Pages Chapter 1 – History and Concepts of Boundaries Principal 2: A suveyor creates land boundary lines. These created lines, which are separate and distinct from property lines, are determined by legal principals and law. Boundaries: The line that separates two adjoining land parcels as determined by legal descriptions. Land boundaries can be marked by hedges, fences, monument, or not at all A.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The law determines what boundaries are; facts determine where boundaries areRead MoreProperty Debate Between Locke Rousseau1103 Words   |  5 Pages two philosophers with differing opinions concerning the concept of private property. Rousseau believes that from the state of nature, private property came about, naturally transcending the human situation into a civil society and at the same time acting as the starting point of inequality amongst individuals. Locke on the other hand argues that private property acts as one of the fundamental, inalienable moral rights that all humans are entitled to. Their arguments clearly differ on this basicRead MoreThe Power Of State Versus Individual Rights Essay1565 Words   |  7 PagesIndividual and the State. The Constitution of India in its original un-amended form had deftly balanced individual right and the power of state, vis-à  -vis, Right to Property. However, this was soon overwhelmed by the socialistic ph ilosophy, and the right to property was relegated from a fundamental right to a mere legal right . This gave tenacity to the government s acquisition of private property under the doctrine of eminent domain, for the greater good and development purposes. This doctrine of eminentRead MoreLand, Stocks and Shares in the UK Essay1285 Words   |  6 PagesLand, Stocks and Shares in the UK The UK is well known within the EU of having a high percentage of homeowners. With this, financial institutions have to cater for a widespread of people in order to provide mortgages. As this will involve large amounts of money, lenders have to access the risk and take the necessary precautions. These precautions tend to be taken in the form of a security. The two main forms of security that are generally taken are land, stocks and shares

Financial Analysis of Greene King Plc And Mitchells And Butlers Plc

Question: Describe about the Performance of Greene King plc and Mitchells and Butlers Plc? Answer: Introduction: This assignment has discussed some tools of finance and accounts in order to analyze and investigate the financial performance of Greene King. This assignment also dealt with the non financial performance of the company. This company has grabbed the leading position within the pub and brewing industry of United Kingdom. This company has achieved an extra ordinary sale in 200 years of its operation. Greene King has operated more than 1900 pubs, restaurants and hotels in the market. This company has taken the technique of innovation within the process of operating business. Business objective of this company is to provide effective value to its customers by providing prolonged service. Rate of dividend of this company has been grown in the year of 2014. On the other hand, the revenue of this company has also been increased by 8.9 % in 2014. The year 2014 is one of the most successful years of the Greene King. In order to investigate the financial performance of Greene King Plc the author has taken another company among same industry, named Mitchells and Butlers Plc. This company also runs 1700 restaurants in U.K. Vision and objective of This Company is to provide various opportunities in service those will satisfy the actual needs and demands of the guests of those restaurants. Its main aim is to increase the value of shareholders of the company. Mitchells and Butlers Plc has got hold of 173 pubs in the year of 2014. This company has 4300 employees. This hotel and restaurant industry is highly competitive within U.K. Therefore, every company needs to do effective operation in order to attract customers within the competitive sector of market. 1.1. Performance of Greene King plc and Mitchells and Butlers Plc: In order to investigate the performance of Greene King plc author has done a SWOT analysis in order to know the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the company while operating business within the competitive sector of market. Strengths Product of this company is highly effective among the customers It is very popular within the U.K market as it has operated its business operation by 200 years Balance sheet of this company is strong It pays high dividends to its shareholders or investors Weakness The service and product of this company are monotonous as it has no diversification Opportunities It has obtained a high rate of growth People of United Kingdom often try food from outside therefore restaurant and pub business therefore has been increased a lot Threats Market sector of restaurants is highly competitive in U.K Greene King plc often faces immense competition and rivalry from other organization Figure 1: SWOT analysis of Greene King Plc Strengths Mitchells and Butlers Plc has increased its financial performance This company also has a strong rate of share within the market of United Kingdom. It largely operate 1700 restaurants Team management of this hotel is strong and effective Weakness This company has not paid dividends to the share holders This company hardly differentiate products from the services Opportunities Trend of the customers within U.K is influencing Threats Competitive market and rate of rivalry is also high within the market Legislation of Government has posed a threat to this company Figure 2: SWOT analysis of Mitchells and Butlers Plc 1.2. Ratio analysis: 1.2.1. Profitability ratios: Profitability ratios help to analyze and understand the rate of profit of a company. Return on employed capital, return on equity, gross profit margin, operating profit margin, net profit margin are involved in order to analyze the profitability ratio of a company. Therefore, in this ratio analysis, profit of two companies by the year of 2012, 2013, and 2014 has been analyzed. Profitability Ratios 2014 2013 2012 Return on capital employed Net Operating Income/ ( Total Assets - Current liabilities) 7.01% 8.02% 7.38% Return on Equity Net Income / Equity 9.04% 9.82% 10.83% Net Profit Percentage Net Income / Net Sales 7.38% 7.99% 8.98% Gross Profit Percentage Gross Profit / Net Sales 8.08% 9.29% 10.97% Operating Profit Percentage Operating Income / Net Sales 15.32% 19.18% 18.53% Table 1: Profitability ratio of Greene King Plc Graph 1: Profitability ratio of Greene King Plc 2014 2013 2012 Profitability Ratios Return on capital employed Net Operating Income/ ( Total Assets - Current liabilities) 6.38% 6.94% 5.81% Return on Equity Net Income / Equity 7.85% 10.50% 7.42% Net Profit Percentage Net Income / Net Sales 4.72% 6.75% 3.71% Gross Profit Percentage Gross Profit / Net Sales 6.24% 7.49% 4.39% Operating Profit Percentage Operating Income / Net Sales 13.40% 14.83% 12.28% Table 2: Profitability ratio of Mitchell and Butlers Plc Graph 2: Profitability ratio of Mitchell and Butlers Plc Analysis: Return on Capital Employed: The comparison of return on interest and tax has been calculated by this ratio. In the case of Greene King Plc, the amount of return on capital employed has been increased in the year 2014 than 2012. Therefore, this company has achieved a positive rate of return on capital employed. Rate of profit through investment is high of Greene King Plc. In the year of 2014, this company has gained a lot of profit in order to operate the business activities among the U.K market. In case of Mitchells and Butlers, return on capital employed is also positive. 2012 was the challenging year for this company. However, it has recovered a lot in current years of its operation. Return on Equity: In case of Greene King Plc, rate of return on equity has declined a lot during the year of 2013 to 2014. Therefore, positive return on investment has been received by the equity share holders of the organization. However, high rate of share capital has affected on the return on equity of this company. Therefore, Greene King Plc needs to boost the return on investment in order to meet the needs of operation. In case of Mitchells and Butlers, return on equity has been declined a lot in the year of 2014 than the year of 2012. Increased number of equity share has caused the declining of return of the equity of this particular company. Net profit Percentage: This percentage of Greene King Plc has also been decreased from 2012 to 2014. This company has to pay a compensation of insurance in 2014. For this reason, net profit percentage of this company has declined a lot. On the other hand, Mitchells and Butlers also have to face a decline in the margin of profit from the year of 2014 to 2012. However, high operation cost has also helped this company in the process of increasing net profit margin of the company within the year of 2012 to 2013. Gross profit Percentage: Gross Profit Percentage has also been decreased by the extra pay to the insurance compensation of the Greene King Plc. Gross Profit percentage of Mitchells and Butlers has also been declined from 2012 to 2014. Operating profit Percentage: On the other hand stated that, operating margin ratio helps to measure the percentage of total profit or revenue among the income of operation of the particular company. Operating profit percentage therefore helps to determine the amount of profit after payment and the cost of operation of a company. However, the operating profit percentage of Greene King Plc has decreased from the year of 2014 to 2012. Therefore, operating profit margin has a positive impact on the business operation of the company. In the year of 2014 to 2012, the cost of operation has been increased and has impacted negatively upon the operating profit margin of the company. On the other hand, Mitchells and Butlers have gained a positive margin of operating profit. In the year of 2012 to 2014, the operating profit of this company has been declined due to the cause of high operating cost. However, in the year of 2014 to 2013, operating profit this company has been declined. 1.2.2. Liquidity Ratio: This ratio therefore helps to determine the skill of a company for settling the liabilities of current business operation. As per stated that, in order to determine the liquidity placement of the company, current ratio and quick ratio always help in this particular process. Liquidity Ratios 2014 2013 2012 Current ratio Current Asset/ Current Liabilities 0.797242 0.474571 0.481846154 Quick Ratio Quick Assets / Current Liabilities 0.738007 0.396106 0.391384615 Table 3: Liquidity ratio of Greene King Plc Graph 3: Liquidity ratio of Greene King Plc Liquidity Ratios 2014 2013 2012 Current ratio Current Asset/ Current Liabilities 0.552504 1.089835 0.969838 Quick Ratio Quick Assets / Current Liabilities 0.508885 1.033097 0.909513 Table 4: Liquidity ratio of Mitchell and Butlers Plc Graph 4: Liquidity ratio of Mitchell and Butlers Plc Current ratio: In the year 2014, current ratio of Greene King Plc was 0.797. In 2013, the current ratio was 0.474 and 0.481 for the year 2012. On the other hand, defined that, the perfect ratio should be 2:1. Greene King Plc has strong liquidity position. Therefore, this company is not able to meet the efficient liabilities with its assets. This company therefore uses the inventory with effective techniques. In case of Mitchells and Butlers Plc, current ratio is 0.55 in 2014, 1.089 in 203 and 0.969 in 2012. As per the current ratio shows, the liquidity position of this company is not so effective. Quick ratio: Greene King Plc has positive quick ratio. In 2014, quick ratio of this company was 0.738, 0.396 for 2013 and 0.391 for the year 2012. Proper quick ratio is 1:1. According to the rate of quick ratio, it can be stated that, it cannot effectively manage the current assets. On the other hand, Mitchells and Butlers have a negative quick ratio. This indicates that, this company can manage the current liabilities with the current assets. 1.2.3. Efficiency ratio: This shows the efficiency ratio of two companies. Efficiency ratios 2014 2013 2012 Inventory Turnover Ratio Cost of Goods Sold / Inventory 105.2033 111.0037 125.1034014 Stock Holding Period ( Days) 365/ Inventory Turnover 3.469474 3.288179 2.917586541 Debtor's Payment Period ( Days) Net credit sales / Average Debtors 21.62126 16.16644 16.62390671 16.88153 22.57763 21.95633111 Table 5: Efficiency ratio of Greene King plc Graph 5: Efficiency ratio of Greene King plc Efficiency ratios 2014 2013 2012 Inventory Turnover Ratio Cost of Goods Sold / Inventory 6.777778 8.916667 5.346154 Stock Holding Period ( Days) 365/ Inventory Turnover 53.85246 40.93458 68.27338 Debtor's Payment Period ( Days) Net credit sales / Average Debtors 32.83333 26.31944 33.73214 11.11675 13.86807 10.82054 Table 6: Efficiency ratio of Mitchell and Butlers Plc Graph 6: Efficiency ratio of Mitchell and Butlers Plc Inventory turnover ratio, Stock holding price and Debtors turnover ratio helps to determine the efficient operation of the particular organization. Mitchell and Butlers Plc have increased its inventory turnover. On the other hand, Greene King Plc has a positive efficiency ratio. Inventory ratio turnover ratio is also positive for Greene King Plc. This company can manage inventory with effective as well as efficient process. 1.2.4. Financial Structure: This provides detail analysis of financial structures of two companies. Financial structure 2014 2013 2012 Interest coverage ratio EBIT / Interest Expense 1.112051 0.935919 1.149270483 Price/ Earning ratio Current Share Price / Earnings Per share 18.7871 22.21451 10.92436975 Dividend Yield Dividend per share / Current Share Price 28.40 26.60 24.80 Table 7: Financial structure of Greene King Plc Graph 7: Financial structure of Greene King Plc Financial structure 2014 2013 2012 Interest coverage ratio EBIT / Interest Expense 0.931818 0.505338 0.601449 Price/ Earning ratio Current Share Price / Earnings Per share 18.76106 13.52564 17.82456 Dividend Yield Dividend per share / Current Share Price 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Table 8: Financial structure of Mitchell and Butlers Plc Graph 8: Financial structure of Mitchell and Butlers Plc Interest coverage ratio, Dividend Yield ratio and Earnings ratio help to determine the financial structure of the particular organization. Greene King Plc has increased the amount of sale in the year of 2014. Ratio of interest coverage is positive. As the profit of the company has been increased a lot, the investors has attracted to this company. On the other hand, Mitchells and Butlers have also increased its margin of profit. This company has also opened some outlets of restaurants and pubs.This process has been resulted in gaining extra advantage from the investors.However, this company does not pay regular dividend to its share holders. However, impact of the company upon the company is positive. 1.3. Cash Flow: As stated by cash flow statement helps to states the flow of cash of the organization. Cash flow projection within the activities of operation, investing and dividend. Therefore, Greene King Plc has opened 1900 bars and restaurants in U.K. It has operated its business operatio by 200 years within U.K. Total cash flow of this company through different activities of operation is 204.3 pound. Increased amount of operating cost has been resulted the decline in net cash flow of the company. In the year 2014, company has increased its investing operation. This company has opened many new restaurants. It has also increased its payment of dividend activity. Therefore, the net cash flow of the organization has also been increased. On the other hand, cash flow statement of Mitchells and Butlers has been increased with the investment process of this company. This company has acquired Dining Limited and Orchid Pubs in order to expand the business activities of the organization. For this reason, this company has expanded a lot and resulted in the increase of profitability of the organization among the competitive market sector. 1.4. Indicators of non-financial performance: There are various types of indicators of the non financial performance of the particular company. 1. Satisfaction of employees: Greene King Plc often provides strong emphasis on building trust among the employees. This company has maintained effective relation among the employees of the organization. This company has maintained a strong value in order to build a strong relation between the employees of the organization. It also maintains an effective operation within the stakeholders of the organization. Relation between external and internal stakeholders is well maintained by the organization. Quality employees do work for this organization. This organization also gives proper training and development program for the employees. However, this company spends money in order to gather innovative ideas for the better performance of the employees. Various types of innovative solution of the company impact upon maintaining effective relation with the supply chain and logistics as well as operation management of the company. Decision making process of this company is also influenced by the process of innovation. This company also has implemented some regulations and standards in order to maintain the culture of the particular organization. This company also maintains effective standard of health and safety within the entire organization. 2. Corporate Governance: Greene King Plc has lacked from several initiatives of corporate governance. It does not do cross shareholdings with some other organizations. This company has put emphasis on the distribution of rights among the participants of the organization. Therefore, various decision making process has tackled by several types of rules of corporate governance. The objectives as well as aims of this organization has structured as per the rules and regulations of Corporate Governance. This organization is fully motivated by the values and beliefs of the organization. Corporate social responsibility: Every business organization should do effective task of corporate social responsibility apart from gaining profit from its business operation. It is many the non financial as well as nonprofit area of action. However, by delivering effective corporate social responsibility, this company can build an effective image and reputation within the competitive sector of the market. It can take several actions for the needy people of the society abroad. This company also can take initiatives in order to aware people about heal and safety and many other things. By attaining deep responsible work, people will start trusting this organization hence indirectly it will increase the name and sales of the organization. Effective corporate social responsibility also provides a chance to gain competitive advantage within the competitive sector of the market of hotel and restaurant industry of U.K. Conclusion and Recommendation: This assignment has discussed total financial condition of Greene King Plc and Mitchell and Butlers Plc in order to analyze the position of Greene King Plc. Operating cash flow of Greene King Plc has increased. In 2014, EBDITA of several pubs has been increased by 5.5% from 3.4 % in 2014. This company has also taken positive initiative in order to improve the expansion of retail business within the market. This company has paid a high rate of dividend to the shareholders. This company operates its effective business operation within the competitive sector of hotel and restaurant industry within United Kingdom. This company has also seen growth in order to gain the revenue and growth among the other rival as well as competitive zone of industry. Growth of this company is 4.5 %. However, rate of corporate tax of Greene King Plc is low. The rate of corporate tax was 24% in the year of 2013 and the rate has declined by 1% to 23% in the year of 2014. However, this company has lacked from the strategy of mergers and acquisition to the other company. Mitchell and Butlers Plc have acquired two hotels and restaurants. Therefore, Greene King Plc has to take the strategy and effective technique of mergers and acquisitions of different small companies in order to expand its business activities within competitive sector of market. However, this company has the value of employees. This company tries to maintain effective relation with the employees as well as other stakeholders of the organization. Therefore, this company has operated its effective business operation within U.K for the 200 years. Therefore, it has gained a reputation, image and popularity among the market. Therefore, this company should take some strategic decision in order to attain the competitive mar ket sector of United Kingdom. Reference list Books Journals Ahila, R and X. Antony Thanaraj, Role Of Hotel Industry In The Promotion Of Tourism (Discovery Pub. 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